all texts

178 texts
The Odysseygreek · c. 725 BCE (oral composition earlier)

## Book I — THE GODS IN COUNCIL—MINERVA’S VISIT TO ITHACA—THE CHALLENGE FROM TELEMACHUS TO THE SUITORS. Tell me, O Muse, of that ingenious hero who travelled far and wide after he had sacked the famous town of Troy. Many cities did he visit, and many were the nations with whose manners and customs…

The Iliadgreek · c. 750 BCE (oral composition earlier)

## Book I The quarrel between Agamemnon and Achilles—Achilles withdraws from the war, and sends his mother Thetis to ask Jove to help the Trojans—Scene between Jove and Juno on Olympus. Sing, O goddess, the anger of Achilles son of Peleus, that brought countless ills…

The Upanishads — Selectedother · c. 800–200 BCE

## The Isha Upanishad (Vâgasaneyi-samhitâ-upanishad) VÂGASANEYI-SAMHITÂ-UPANISHAD. 1. All this, whatsoever moves on earth, is to be hidden in the Lord (the Self). When thou hast surrendered all this, then thou mayest enjoy. Do not covet the wealth of any man! 2. Though a man may wish to live a h…

Hymn to Ninkasisumerian · c. 1800 BCE

*This translation is not currently available.* The Hymn to Ninkasi is a Sumerian praise poem to the goddess of beer, functioning both as liturgy and as an encoded brewing recipe. The text was recovered from Old Babylonian tablets and first translated into English only in the mid-twentieth century;…

Selected Psalms (Hymns of Israel)hebrew · c. 1000–300 BCE

## Psalm 1 — The Way of the Righteous [1] Blessed is the man that walketh not in the counsel of the ungodly, nor standeth in the way of sinners, nor sitteth in the seat of the scornful. [2] But his delight is in the law of the LORD; and in his law doth he meditate day and night. [3] And he shall b…

The Book of Giantsother · c. 250–150 BCE

*This translation is not currently available.* The Book of Giants expands on Genesis 6's brief account of the Nephilim, describing their deeds and dreams before the flood. It was among the scrolls found at Qumran in 1947; no pre-discovery translation exists. We are actively exploring ways to incl…

Coffin Textsegyptian · c. 2100–1800 BCE

*This translation is not currently available.* The Coffin Texts are a corpus of Middle Kingdom Egyptian funerary spells inscribed on the interior walls of wooden coffins — successors to the Pyramid Texts and precursors to the Book of the Dead. The standard scholarly edition by Adriaan de Buck was…

The Admonitions of Ipuweregyptian · c. 1850 BCE

*This translation is not currently available.* The Admonitions of Ipuwer is a Middle Kingdom Egyptian lament describing a society overturned — rich and poor reversed, state collapsed, order inverted. Alan Gardiner's 1909 scholarly edition exists but survives only as an image-only facsimile that re…

The Kesh Temple Hymnsumerian · c. 2600–1800 BCE

*This translation is not currently available.* One of the oldest literary compositions known, the Kesh Temple Hymn celebrates the temple at Kesh and catalogues its divine provisions. The text was not fully assembled and translated into English until the mid-twentieth century. We are actively expl…

Orphic Hymnsgreek · c. 200 BCE–200 CE

## Proem — To Musaeus Learn, O Musaeus, from my sacred song What rites most fit to sacrifice belong. Jove I invoke, the earth, and solar light, The moon’s pure splendour, and the stars of night. Thee, Neptune, ruler of the sea profound, Dark-hair’d, whose power can shake the solid ground; Ceres ab…

I Ching (Book of Changes)other · c. 1000–200 BCE

## Introduction THE YÎ KING — THE BOOK OF CHANGES Translated by James Legge. Sacred Books of the East, Volume XVI (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1882). The Yî King consists of sixty-four hexagrams, each composed of six lines (either divided or undivided). Each hexagram is accompanied by a short expla…

Rigveda — Selected Hymnsother · c. 1500–1200 BCE (oral composition)

## Book I, Hymn I — Agni 1. I laud Agni, the chosen Priest, God, minister of sacrifice, The Hotar, lavishest of wealth. 2. Worthy is Agni to be praised by living as by ancient seers: He shall bring hitherward the Gods. 3. Through Agni man obtaineth wealth, yea, plenty waxing by day, Most rich in…

The Gathas (Zoroastrian Sacred Songs)other · c. 1500–1000 BCE (oral); written c. 400 CE

## Yasna 28: Self-Consecration of Priest and Congregation Self-consecration of Priest and Congregation I. Self-consect ation of the Priest Zarathushtra* XXVIII.— To the utmost of my ability, will I teach men to seek Asha (jus- tice) ! (And this will I do) XXVIIL— With outstretched hands ; and by r…

The Song of Ullikummihittite · c. 1400–1200 BCE

*This translation is not currently available.* The Song of Ullikummi describes the creation of a stone colossus to challenge the storm god Teshub. The text was first edited with a complete English translation by Güterbock in 1952. We are actively exploring ways to include this text. Subscribe to…

The Lugalbanda Epicssumerian · c. 2100–1800 BCE

*This translation is not currently available.* Two long Sumerian compositions recount the adventures of the hero-king Lugalbanda: abandoned by his army in the mountains and cured by the gods, then later granted the power of extraordinary speed. The texts were assembled from dispersed tablet fragme…

Ecclesiastes (Qohelet)hebrew · c. 300 BCE

## Chapter 1 [1] The words of the Preacher, the son of David, king in Jerusalem. [2] Vanity of vanities, saith the Preacher, vanity of vanities; all is vanity. [3] What profit hath a man of all his labour which he taketh under the sun? [4] One generation passeth away, and another generation cometh…

Genesis 1–11 (Creation and Flood Narratives)hebrew · c. 900–500 BCE (written); older oral traditions

## Chapter 1 [1] In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. [2] And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters. [3] And God said, Let there be light: and there was light. [4] And God saw the…

The Book of Jobhebrew · c. 600–400 BCE

## Chapter 1 [1] There was a man in the land of Uz, whose name was Job; and that man was perfect and upright, and one that feared God, and eschewed evil. [2] And there were born unto him seven sons and three daughters. [3] His substance also was seven thousand sheep, and three thousand camels, and…

Dead Sea Scrolls — Selected Textshebrew · c. 250 BCE–68 CE

*This translation is not currently available.* The Dead Sea Scrolls were discovered in caves near Qumran between 1947 and 1956. No translation of any scroll is possible before that date. We are actively exploring ways to include this text. Subscribe to our email list at anunnaki.ai for updates wh…

Code of Ur-Nammusumerian · c. 2100 BCE

*This translation is not currently available.* The Code of Ur-Nammu (c. 2100–2050 BCE) is the oldest surviving law code, predating the Code of Hammurabi by three centuries. The first complete English translation was made by Samuel Noah Kramer in 1952. We are actively exploring ways to include thi…